Foreign Income & Account Tax Traps (2018) – U.S. Tax & Reporting Tips
As you get ready to begin preparing to file your tax returns for tax year 2017, you come to the conclusion that your drunk buddy was correct – you really do have to report your foreign accounts, income, assets, and other investments.
Contents
You Researched A Lot
Your past weekends have been spent scouring the Internet and researching various tax law websites, attorney websites, CPA websites, and ex-pat tax forms.
The advice seems to range from “screw the IRS, they’re never going to find you,” all the way to “if the IRS finds you, they’re going to prosecute and you send you to prison…forever.”
Both of these statements are incorrect, although the former statement is probably more accurate than the latter. In all reality, the IRS is understaffed and under budgeted. But with that said, if you get stuck in the IRS crosshairs, it may be costly. It may include:
- IRS Levy
- IRS Lien
- IRS Seizure
- Passport Revocation
- Cross-Border Collection Enforcement
That is not to scare, it is just reality — and your strategy moving forward should be based on a knowledge of the law, and your overall risk-management preferences.
FATCA, FBAR, and Schedule B Question 7 are the “Big Three” issues with respect to Offshore Disclosure. Here is a brief summary:
FATCA Agreements
Under FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act), the US government has entered into reciprocal agreements with more than 110 countries. Moreover, more than 300,000 foreign financial institutions have agreed to this reciprocal reporting.
Under terms of these agreements, the foreign countries will report US account holder information to the IRS.
Why is This Dangerous?
This is dangerous because the IRS may already have your information involving your foreign accounts populated into their databases. Therefore, if for any reason you are audited – even for something having nothing to do with foreign money – you may find yourself in a reverse eggshell audit situation.
In a reverse eggshell audit, the IRS already has your information, but does not tell you this during the audit. During the audit, the IRS may ask whether you have foreign accounts, offshore money, or overseas investments (the questions may be direct or indirect). If at this time you answer no or otherwise misrepresent facts or intentionally omit facts to the IRS, you may find yourself under criminal investigation by the IRS special agents.
In other words, there is no way to know how much information the IRS may or may not have. Moreover, there is no way to know if your specific foreign financial institution has already reported you to the IRS.
Form 8938 Penalties
Beginning with the 2011 tax year, a penalty for failing to file Form 8938 reporting the taxpayer’s interest in certain foreign financial assets, including financial accounts, certain foreign securities, and interests in foreign entities, as required by IRC § 6038D. The penalty for failing to file each one of these information returns is $10,000, with an additional $10,000 added for each month the failure continues beginning 90 days after the taxpayer is notified of the delinquency, up to a maximum of $50,000 per return.
FBAR (FinCEN 114)
The FBAR is used to Report Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts on an annual basis.
The form has a relatively low threshold requirement of $10,000. In other words, if you have an annual aggregate total of foreign accounts (including life insurance or retirement funds) that on any day of the year exceeds $10,000, then you are required to report this form. It does not matter if the money is in one account or spread over numerous accounts. And, it does not matter if the account is in your home country of citizenship or if you opened the account before relocating to the United States.
The US government does not look into the semantics that deeply; rather, if you meet the threshold requirement then you have to file the form. Starting in 2017 (to report 2016 maximum balance), the due date coincides with your tax return filing date (including extension).
When it comes to the FBAR, one of the main concerns are the FBAR Penalties.
FBAR Penalties
A penalty for failing to file FBARs. United States citizens, residents and certain other persons must annually report their direct or indirect financial interest in, or signature authority (or other authority that is comparable to signature authority) over, a financial account that is maintained with a financial institution located in a foreign country if, for any calendar year, the aggregate value of all foreign financial accounts exceeded $10,000 at any time during the year. The civil penalty for willfully failing to file an FBAR can be as high as the greater of $100,000 or 50 percent of the total balance of the foreign financial account per violation. See 31 U.S.C. § 5321(a)(5). Non-willful violations that the IRS determines were not due to reasonable cause are subject to a $10,000 penalty per violation.
Schedule B
If a person has a foreign account (even if they have no interest or dividend income in the U.S. or abroad) they are also required to file a form Schedule B.
As provided by the IRS in its instructions: Use this schedule if any of the following applies…“You had a financial interest in, or signature authority over, a financial account in a foreign country or you received a distribution from, or were a grantor of, or transferor to, a foreign trust. Part III of the schedule has questions about foreign accounts and trusts.”
As you can see, for this portion of the form, it does not require $1,500 requirement in order to meet the qualifications to file the form. Rather, it is just asking whether you had a financial interest in, or signature authority over a foreign account.
*While there is no monetary penalty, it can lead to an IRS Audit, Examination, or Investigation into whether you were Willful or Non-Willful.
Getting Back Into Compliance with Offshore Disclosure
If you have not filed the necessary international tax forms and are worried about the ramifications, fines and penalties by the US government, you may consider getting into compliance with IRS offshore voluntary disclosure.
IRS Voluntary Disclosure of Offshore Accounts
Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Tax law is very complex. There are many aspects that go into any particular tax calculation, including the legal status, marital status, business status and residence status of the taxpayer.
Golding & Golding, A PLC
We have successfully represented clients in more than 1000 streamlined and voluntary disclosure submissions nationwide, and in over 70-different countries.
We are the “go-to” firm for other Attorneys, CPAs, Enrolled Agents, Accountants, and Financial Professionals across the globe.